Tennessee Genealogical Society Blog

Civil War Pension Applications

10/23/2019

Tennessee began providing pensions to Confederate veterans in 1891, and to their widows in 1905. The pensions were granted to eligible residents of Tennessee, regardless of where they served. Eligibility included the inability to support themselves, having been honorably separated from service, and having been a resident of the state for at least one year prior to their application. In addition to service information, the application contained the applicant’s place of birth, number and gender of children, and information about their personal and real property. Many people provided more information than just what the application asked for, e.g. the year or date of their birth, not just the location and many application files contain correspondence and affidavits that provide additional detail about the individual’s life. Widows had to provide proof of marriage. Thus, the pension application files are a great source of genealogical information.

These records can be accessed in the “Tennessee, Confederate Pension Applications, Soldiers and Widows, 1891-1965” database at Family Search.

Apprentices: Tennessee's Forgotten Children

10/22/2019

Records on apprentices from 27 East Tennessee counties, dating from pre-statehood years to the early twentieth century, reveal an often poignant story about young people - both boys and girls, white and "of color," who became apprentices. You can begin your research on apprentices in these 27 counties in East Tennessee's Forgotten Children, Apprentices from 1778 to 1911 by Dr. Alan N. Miller.

Middle Tennessee's Forgotten Children: Apprentices from 1784 to 1902, the second volume of Tennessee's "forgotten children" contains more than 7,000 apprenticeship records scattered among the minutes of the county courts for Middle Tennessee. Spanning the period from 1784 to 1902 and covers 35 MIddle Tennessee counties: Bedford, Cannon, Cheatham, Clay, Coffee, Davidson, DeKalb, Dickson, Franklin, Giles, Grundy, Hickman, Houston, Humphreys, Jackson, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Marshall, Maury, Montgomery, Moore, Overton, Perry, Robertson, Rutherford, Smith, Stewart, Sumner, Van Buren, Warren, Wayne, White, Williamson, and Wilson.

West Tennessee's Forgotten Children: Apprentices from 1821 to 1889, also written by Alan N. Miller, is the third and final book in Miller's apprentices' series. This third volume contains over 4,000 apprenticeship records spanning the period from 1821 to 1899 and covers 19 Tennessee counties, including: Benton, Carroll, Crockett, Decatur, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood, Henry, Lake, Lauderdale, Madison, McNairy, Obion, Shelby, Tipton, and Weakley.

Originally, the English system had been designed to teach the professions and crafts; but in the colonies, it developed into a "system whereby children who were or were likely to become indigent could be supported without cost to the local government." Often these children were orphans or a child "whose father had abandoned him or utterly failed and refused to support him."

In the beginning, Tennessee followed the laws of North Carolina: Children were to be taught to read and write and were to be provided with food, clothing and shelter until the male reached the age of 21, the females to 18, unless "mulatto or mustee," in which case the age was 21. These were formal agreements recorded in county court minutes.

Each listing in the series includes the name and age of the apprentice - some as young as two and three-years-old, the date the apprenticeship began, the name of the "master" and notes which might indicate parentage, the fact that the young person was an orphan and / or the occupation the young person was to be trained in.

Online Biographies

10/21/2019

Here are some digital books with biographies of prominent Tennesseans that you can access on the internet:

County and Town Histories, which also contain biographies (Goodspeed).
- Index to Biographical Sketches in The History of Tennessee by Goodspeed
- Digital books listed by county: http://www.learnwebskills.com/family/countyhistories3.htm#tn
- Index to Brief Biographical Sketches of 30,000 Tennesseans
A History of Tennessee and Tennesseans (Vol. 1-8) by Will T. Hale
Tennessee and Tennesseans by Bethania McLemore Oldham
Sketches of Prominent Tennesseans by William S. Speer
Notable Men of Tennessee by John Allison
Volume 1: https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Fag-AAAAYAAJ/page/n5
Volume 2: https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6I9LAAAAYAAJ/page/n5

Keep in mind that many of these books were published as a form of vanity press, where a fee was paid by a prominent citizen of a community to be profiled in the book. The information contained in these sources needs to be verified with other sources. That is not to say these books are not useful. They often provide personal details not found elsewhere, as well as background information on the life and times of area where your ancestor lived. They are also useful finding aids to assist you in further research.

Using City Directories for Tennessee Genealogy Research

10/20/2019

City Directories are a gold mine of information for genealogists. Not only are they a great substitute for the 1890 census, but they help fill in the gap between censuses. You can learn about the part of town where your ancestor lived and who the neighbors were. Information about their occupation and employer is often included; there may even by ads or other information in the directory about their employer. The directories can provide clues to when your ancestor arrived in the area, when they died, and other family members. They are useful for finding female ancestors since wives’ names, widows, and single employed women are listed. For one research project, Memphis City Directories helped us confirm that the Joseph Marshall in the 1870 census was actually the James C Marshall we were looking for. The neighbors in the census and the directory were the same, and there was not a directory listing for a Joseph Marshall.

City directories were published in Tennessee as early as 1849. Copies can be found in many local libraries. Ancestry has a robust collection, as does TSLA. A listing of the TSLA holdings can be found at https://sos.tn.gov/products/tsla/city-directories-tennessee-state-library-and-archives. They will even research and make copies for you!

Using Newspapers for Tennessee Genealogy Research

10/19/2019

Newspapers provide a wealth of genealogical information that other sources might not provide. Obituaries can contain the married names of females as well as names of family members and their relationships. Local newspapers often include birth, marriage, and death announcements. If your ancestor was a business owner you may find advertisements and other related articles in a newspaper. In the past, small town newspapers reported on many trivial aspects of their reader’s lives, which can add interest to your ancestor’s story.

Birth, marriage, and death notices might be recorded in your ancestor’s hometown as well as their current residence. Also check newspapers in surrounding towns and counties for news relating to your ancestors. If your ancestor's hometown did not publish their own paper, be sure to search for newspapers printed in the nearest town as they will often include regional news.

There are several online databases where digitized copies of newspapers can be found:
  Chronicling America
  GenealogyBank.com
  NewspaperArchive.com
  Ancestry.com
Newspapers.com (available at the Germantown Regional History and Genealogy Center library)

One website, The Ancestor Hunt, deserves special mention. It has a vast listing of links, frequently updated, to online historical newspapers from the United States and all over the world. Other features are lessons on how to perform searches in the newspaper databases and articles relating to newspaper research.

The Tennessee State Library and Archives provides access to The Tennessean (1812 – 2002) to Tennessee residents through TEL. TSLA also has a collection of Tennessee newspapers on microfilm. A list of newspapers available by county can be found here:
https://sos.tn.gov/products/tsla/tennessee-newspapers-arranged-county

Local libraries and history societies are also a good source for newspapers.

Tennessee Penitentiary Records

10/18/2019

Has your ancestor disappeared from the Tennessee records usually searched? You may be lucky enough to discover that he committed a crime between 1831 and 1870 and was incarcerated in the Tennessee State Penitentiary in Davidson County, Tennessee. The penitentiary records on individual convicts are a treasure trove describing the appearance of the convict, where he had lived, where his relatives lived at the time, the crime he had committed and his sentence. A searchable index to the Inmates of the Tennessee State Penitentiary 1851-1870 is available on the Genealogy Index Search Site.

These records have been published in "Tennessee Convicts, Early Records of the State Penitentiary Volume 1 (1831 - 1850)" compiled by Charles A. and Tomye M. Sherrill and in "Volume 2 (1851 - 1870)" compiled by Charles A. Sherrill.

The following is excerpted from the entry on "James Barker":

'...was received into the Penitentiary the 18 March, 1832. He is 17 years old, 5'5" high, weight 116 lbs., blue eyes, fair hair and skin. He has a large scar on the left knee, on the cap... The big toe and the next toe to it, on both feet have grown together about half way from the foot to their ends." It continues on to list where his parents and married sister live, his crime of grand larceny, his sentence and eventual release date - delayed due to "bad conduct".'

Wouldn't you love to have information this detailed on other, more law abiding, ancestors?

Probate Records

10/17/2019

Probate is the process where an individual’s estate is distributed to his or her heirs, whether or not there is a will. As a result of this, various records are created such as wills, bonds, petitions, accounts, inventories, administrations, orders, decrees, and distributions. These records are valuable to genealogists since they provide a death date, information on residency, and most importantly, demonstrate relationships in a family.

If your ancestors owned land, which is common in rural areas, you will want to search for probate records. Probate records do exist for women, although they are not as numerous as the records for men. If a woman was single, widowed, or divorced, it is likely that she owned property that would have gone through the probate process when she died. When you cannot locate a probate record for your direct ancestor, try looking for probate records for that ancestor’s relatives.

A list of Tennessee wills has been published in the book “Index to Tennessee Wills and Administrations, 1779-1861” by Byron and Barbara Sistler. A copy of this book is available at the Germantown Regional History and Genealogy Center library. In addition, the Tennessee State Library and Archives will check the index by e-mail free of charge (https://sos.tn.gov/products/tsla/how-do-i-find-probate-records). Probate records dated after 1861 can be found in the records of each county. Contact the county courthouse clerk’s office for information on obtaining copies of probate records. At Ancestry.com there is a database titled “Tennessee Wills and Probate Records, 1779-2008.” This database is also available to Tennessee residents through TEL. There are also probate records available at FamilySearch.org in the following databases “Tennessee Probate Court Books, 1795-1927” and “Tennessee Probate Court Files, 1795-1927." However, these databases are only able to be browsed as images, they are not indexed. For assistance in locating the records using these two databases, it would be a good idea to have information on your ancestor’s probate record from the “Index to Tennessee Wills and Administrations” book mention above.

Death Records

10/16/2019

As with birth records, Tennessee did not start requiring statewide death certificates until 1908. The Tennessee Vital Records Office holds death records for 50 years. Death records from 1969 to the present can be obtained from the Tennessee Department of Health, Office of Vital Records. Restrictions and fees apply, so be sure to check the web site. TSLA has statewide Tennessee death records for the years 1908-1912 and 1914-1968. No death records were recorded at the state level in 1913. Copies of available records can be ordered from TSLA, with instructions found on this web page: Ordering Death Records. The Ancestry.com database “Tennessee, Death Records, 1908-1958“ contains images of death records. This database is also available to Tennessee residents through TEL, and the FamilySearch database “Tennessee Deaths, 1914-1966” also contains images.

Other places to look for death records include newspapers, bible records, funeral home records and cemetery records. Many county historical societies have published books listing local cemeteries and transcribing tombstone inscriptions.

Chattanooga, Knoxville, Memphis and Nashville all started recording deaths earlier than 1908. Later blogs will discuss records available for these cities.

Marriage Records

10/15/2019

Marriage records in Tennessee are primarily a county level record. Some Tennessee counties recorded and kept information on marriages in the early years of statehood, but not all. Beginning in 1838, counties were required to record marriages in bound record books. Information typically includes the date, the names of the bride and groom, the minister or justice of the peace, and, sometimes, the bondsman.

Many county historical societies have published books with extracts of local marriage records. Another invaluable resource is 35,000 Tennessee Marriage Records and Bonds: 1783 – 1870. This three volume reference, edited by the Rev. Silar Emmett Lucas, Jr. and Mrs. Ella Lee Sheffield, was published in 1991. And, of course, newspapers are another great source.

The Tennessee Vital Records Office holds marriage records for 50 years. Marriage records from 1969 to the present can be obtained from the Tennessee Department of Health, Office of Vital Records. Restrictions and fees apply, so be sure to check the web site. For a fee, TSLA can lookup many marriage records. See the page Ordering Marriage Records for more information on this service.

Chattanooga, Knoxville, Memphis and Nashville marriage records will be discussed in later blogs.

Delayed Birth Records

10/14/2019

Tennessee first began keeping statewide birth records in 1908, though some larger cities began before then. Someone born before that time needed proof of birth if they wanted to apply for a Social Security card or a passport or for legal matters. This proof of birth is provided by a delayed birth certificate which they or their representative could apply for. To obtain a delayed birth certificate, the applicant had to supply supporting evidence as to their birth; thus this certificate can provide even more information to a genealogist than a standard birth certificate:

If a married woman obtained a delayed birth certificate, both her maiden and married surnames will be on it.
There may be information on the parents’ birth or death dates, or even the names of the applicant’s children.
The certificate lists the supporting evidence, which may provide additional clues about the applicant and his or her relatives.
Sometimes the applicant’s death date is noted on the certificate.

Ancestry.com has a database containing these records: “Tennessee, Delayed Birth Records, 1869-1909." This database is also available to Tennessee residents through TEL.

When looking at these images online, remember to examine the next page. The example below is the first page (front of the document), but the next page (back of the document) also has important information.
Ancestry.com, Tennessee Delayed Birth Records